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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
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NADPH Oxidase 4: Crucial for Endothelial Function under Hypoxia-Complementing Prostacyclin.

Heike Brendel1, Jennifer Mittag1, Anja Hofmann2

  • 1Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia induces NOX4 and PTGIS, crucial for vasodilation. Laminar shear stress restores endothelial function by reducing NOX4 and increasing eNOS expression.

Keywords:
NADPH oxidase 4PTGISendothelial functionhuman endothelial cellshypoxialaminar flow

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4) is induced by hypoxia and may play a vasoprotective role.
  • Understanding NOX4's function in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions is critical for vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the significance of NOX4 in endothelial function during hypoxia.
  • To investigate the relationship between NOX4, prostaglandin I2 synthase (PTGIS), and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human and murine vessels, including Nox4 knockout mice.
  • Functional assessment using Mulvany myography.
  • In vitro studies on human endothelial cells under hypoxia, with or without HIF inhibitors, and laminar shear stress.

Main Results:

  • NOX4 and PTGIS expression and activity are elevated by hypoxia in human endothelial cells and correlate in occluded human vessels.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate NOX4 and PTGIS expression, with HIF1a and HIF2a having distinct roles.
  • Nox4 deficiency exacerbates hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice.
  • Laminar shear stress attenuates hypoxic responses, reducing NOX4 and increasing eNOS expression.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia-induced NOX4 and PTGIS are closely linked and essential for maintaining endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
  • Protective laminar blood flow counteracts hypoxic effects by modulating NOX4 and eNOS expression, restoring endothelial function.