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Quercetin and Thyroid.

Cesidio Giuliani1, Giulia Di Dalmazi1, Ines Bucci1

  • 1Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

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Summary

Quercetin, a common flavonoid, may disrupt thyroid function and hormone metabolism. However, it also shows potential in treating thyroid cancer, warranting further research on its dual thyroid effects.

Keywords:
FRTL-5 cellsendocrine disruptorsflavonoidsquercetinthyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutraceutical Science

Background:

  • Quercetin is a prevalent flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • It is utilized in herbal remedies and nutraceuticals due to its diverse biological activities.
  • Emerging research suggests quercetin may impact thyroid cell function and hormone regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of quercetin on normal thyroid cells and thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of quercetin in thyroid cancer.
  • To assess the overall impact of quercetin on thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies on normal thyroid cells to evaluate growth inhibition and functional changes.
  • In vivo studies using rodent models to confirm observed effects.
  • Analysis of quercetin's interference with thyroid hormone metabolism, specifically 5'-deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity.
  • In vitro experiments on thyroid cancer cell lines to assess anticancer properties like growth inhibition, adhesion, and migration, as well as redifferentiation.

Main Results:

  • Quercetin demonstrated inhibition of growth and function in normal thyroid cells, indicating potential thyroid disruption.
  • In vivo studies corroborated these findings in rodent models.
  • Quercetin was found to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism by inhibiting 5'-deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity in both thyroid and liver tissues.
  • In vitro studies indicated that quercetin inhibits the growth, adhesion, and migration of thyroid cancer cells and possesses redifferentiation properties in certain cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Quercetin exhibits dual effects on the thyroid: it may benefit hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer but can also disrupt normal thyroid function and hormone metabolism.
  • Caution is advised regarding high-dose quercetin intake due to its anti-thyroid properties.
  • Further in vivo research is necessary to fully elucidate quercetin's complex interactions with the thyroid system and confirm its therapeutic potential and risks.