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Severity Profile of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

Vânia Chagas da Costa1,2, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos1, Katiuscia Araújo de Miranda Lopes2

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children hospitalized with COVID-19 face severe illness risks, especially those with uncontrolled asthma, obesity, cough, or under one year old. Improved asthma and nutrition management are crucial for these pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 significantly impacts pediatric populations, necessitating understanding of disease severity factors.
  • Hospitalized children with COVID-19 require detailed clinical characterization to guide management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical characteristics associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized children.
  • To analyze risk factors contributing to severe disease in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • An epidemiological cohort study involving 191 children aged 0-14 years hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and June 2021.
  • Data collected from hospital epidemiology centers and medical records, classifying severity as severe (critical/severe) or non-severe (asymptomatic/mild/moderate).
  • Multivariate analysis used to determine the association between clinical profile and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • 73.3% of hospitalized children developed severe COVID-19.
  • Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <95%) was observed in 46.6% of cases.
  • Risk factors for severe COVID-19 included uncontrolled asthma (RR=13.2), overweight/obesity (RR=3.21), cough (RR=2.72), and age under one year (RR=3.23).

Conclusions:

  • Children with uncontrolled asthma, overweight/obesity, cough, or under one year old are at higher risk for severe COVID-19.
  • Highlights the need for enhanced healthcare, particularly in managing asthma and nutrition, for vulnerable pediatric COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19asthmachildrisk factorssevere acute respiratory syndromesigns and symptoms

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