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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Basic Affective Systems and Sex Differences in the Relationship between Anger and Fear.

Paola Manfredi¹

¹Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|October 26, 2024

Summary

This study explored anger and fear interactions, finding no sex differences in these emotions. However, sadness and fear were correlated in both sexes, with SEEKING and PLAY linked to lower fear in women.

Keywords:

ANGER CARE FEAR PLAY SADNESS SEEKING basic affective systems gender inequality sex differences

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

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Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

Area of Science:

Affective neuroscience
Psychological science
Sex differences in emotion

Background:

Limited research exists on the interplay between anger and fear.
Traditional views often oppose anger (male) and fear (female), which this study challenges.
Affective neuroscience offers a new lens to examine these emotional relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-based differences in affective systems and anger (state/trait).
To examine correlations between anger, fear, and sadness, including state and trait anger.
To explore how basic affective systems differ across varying levels of anger, fear, and sadness in relation to sex.

Main Methods:

Utilized the ANPS 3.1 for basic affective states and STAXI-2 for anger states/traits.
Collected data from a non-clinical sample of 339 females and 99 males.
Analyzed affective systems and anger expressions in relation to biological sex.

Main Results:

No significant differences were found in anger and fear scores between male and female samples.
Significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between sadness and fear in both sexes.
In females, higher SEEKING and PLAY scores correlated with lower fear; PLAY and CARE varied with sadness levels.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the importance of environmental and relational factors for women's well-being.
Ensuring safety and protection is crucial for the positive expression of women's resources.
Further research into affective neuroscience can illuminate complex emotional interactions.