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Sex-Based Differences in Pulmonary Function and Cardiopulmonary Response 30 Months Post-COVID-19: A Brazilian
Cássia da Luz Goulart1,2,3, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas1, Mauricio Milani3,4
1Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 26, 2024
Summary
Thirty months after severe COVID-19, women show persistent deficits in respiratory function and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to men. Longer hospital stays further exacerbated these long-term effects in women.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Sex Differences in Health
Background:
- Severe acute COVID-19 can lead to long-term respiratory and cardiorespiratory sequelae.
- Understanding sex-based differences in recovery and the impact of hospitalization duration is crucial for targeted rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex differences in respiratory function, muscle strength, and effort limitation 30 months post-severe COVID-19.
- To assess the influence of hospitalization length on cardiorespiratory capacity in men and women survivors.
Main Methods:
- A multicentric, cross-sectional observational study involving 86 severe COVID-19 survivors (48 women, 38 men).
- Assessment of lung function and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP).
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2, O2 pulse, OUES).
Main Results:
- Women experienced significantly longer hospitalizations and demonstrated reduced maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
- Females exhibited lower peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2), O2 pulse, and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) during CPET.
- Prolonged hospitalization (>10 days) in women correlated with worse O2 pulse, OUES, and V˙O2% predicted.
Conclusions:
- Women display more significant and persistent impairments in cardiopulmonary function 30 months after severe COVID-19.
- Longer hospital stays are associated with poorer cardiorespiratory outcomes, particularly in women, highlighting a need for sex-specific follow-up care.
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