Aggressive Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) encompasses subtypes with varying behaviors, from favorable to aggressive.
• Aggressive variants of DTC are rare, characterized by distinct histopathology, frequent metastasis, and poor survival.
• Recent classifications (2004, 2022 WHO) introduced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the characteristics of aggressive thyroid cancer subtypes.
• To discuss the treatment, management, and follow-up strategies for these challenging cases.
• To emphasize recent literature from the last decade.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent publications (last decade).
• Synthesis of information on histopathological features, clinical behavior, and therapeutic approaches.
• Analysis of classifications and diagnostic criteria for aggressive thyroid neoplasms.

Main Results:

• Aggressive DTC variants present with unique features and high metastatic potential.
• Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma represent distinct aggressive entities.
• Anaplastic thyroid cancer shows rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and the poorest survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the specific characteristics of aggressive thyroid cancer subtypes is crucial for effective management.
• Tailored treatment and follow-up protocols are essential for improving outcomes in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.
• Continued research and updated classifications are vital for advancing the care of patients with these rare and aggressive neoplasms.