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Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
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Ionizing Radiation Dose Differentially Affects the Host-Microbe Relationship over Time.

Nabarun Chakraborty1, Allison Hoke1, Ross Campbell1,2

  • 1Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.

Microorganisms
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Total body irradiation (TBI) disrupts the symbiotic relationship between mice and gut bacteria, altering immunological fitness and bioenergy. This study reveals key changes in microbial composition and function post-radiation, offering insights for TBI symptom interventions.

Keywords:
16S rRNA gene sequencingdescending colon contentsfecal metabolitefecal microbiomefunctional metagenomehost–microbiome associationtotal body irradiation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota influences host immunity and energy metabolism.
  • Radiation exposure induces inflammation and alters energy demands.
  • The host-microbe relationship is bidirectional and sensitive to environmental stressors like radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of total body irradiation (TBI) on gut microbial composition and function in mice.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa and biofunctions affected by different doses of TBI.
  • To elucidate the consequences of TBI on the host-microbe symbiotic relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to 9.5 Gy and 11 Gy of TBI.
  • Descending colon contents (DCCs) were collected at 1, 3, and 9 days post-TBI.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic analysis were performed on DCCs.

Main Results:

  • TBI significantly altered gut bacterial diversity and abundance over time.
  • A notable divergence in microbial profiles was observed at day 9 post-11 Gy TBI, with increased Firmicutes and Deferribacteres.
  • Functional network analysis revealed activated bacterial lipid metabolism and bioenergy synthesis, contrasting with inhibited metabolite pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Lethal irradiation disrupts the symbiotic relationship between mice and their gut microbiota.
  • Changes in microbial composition and function post-TBI impact host bioenergetics and immunity.
  • Findings provide a basis for developing targeted interventions to mitigate TBI-induced symptoms.