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Obesity01:24

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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BMI Mediates the Association between Macronutrient Subtypes and Phenotypic Age Acceleration.

Kai He1, Tong Xu1, Xingxu Song1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Nutrients
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Diet quality impacts aging. High-quality carbohydrates, total protein, and plant protein intake correlate with slower phenotypic aging. Replacing poor-quality macronutrients with healthier options may reduce biological aging.

Keywords:
BMI mediatorsaginghigh-quality carbohydratesmacronutrients

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Diet and aging are linked, but specific macronutrient subtype associations with phenotypic age acceleration are understudied.
  • The mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in diet-phenotypic aging relationships remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between macronutrient subtypes and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel).
  • To determine the extent to which BMI mediates these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 6911 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (≥20 years).
  • Calculation of daily macronutrient intakes and classification by subtype quartiles.
  • PhenoAgeAccel calculation using nine chemistry biomarkers.
  • Multivariable linear regression, isocaloric substitution, and mediation analyses.

Main Results:

  • High-quality carbohydrates, total protein, and plant protein intake were negatively associated with PhenoAgeAccel.
  • Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) intake was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel.
  • Replacing low-quality macronutrients with high-quality ones reduced PhenoAgeAccel by ~25%.
  • BMI partially mediated the effects of high-quality carbohydrates (19.76%) and total fat (30.78%) on PhenoAgeAccel.

Conclusions:

  • Macronutrient subtypes differentially relate to PhenoAgeAccel.
  • BMI partially mediates the relationship between macronutrient quality and aging.
  • Dietary shifts towards higher-quality macronutrients may decelerate biological aging.