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Experimental and Modelling Study of Controlled Release from Dextran-Based Cryogels.

Carolina Lauriola1, Laura Di Muzio2, Patrizia Paolicelli2

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Dextran-based cryogels offer controlled drug release. Loading drugs before cryogel formation results in a slower, non-Fickian release influenced by cryoconcentration, ideal for sustained delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Cryogels are highly porous polymer networks formed at low temperatures.
  • Dextran-based materials are biocompatible and widely used in biomedical applications.
  • Controlled drug release systems are crucial for therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the controlled release of Vitamin B12 from five different dextran-based cryogels.
  • To compare the drug release profiles resulting from two distinct drug-loading procedures.
  • To elucidate the mechanism governing drug release, particularly the non-Fickian behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of five dextran-based cryogels with varying compositions (DEX40PEG360MA, DEX40PEG500MA).
  • Drug loading via post-formation infusion and pre-formation incorporation before crosslinking.
  • In vitro drug release studies using Vitamin B12 as a model drug.
  • Analysis of release kinetics using Fickian and non-Fickian models, including a two-step release process for cryoconcentration.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct drug release profiles were observed based on the loading method.
  • Fast Fickian release occurred when drugs were infused into pre-formed, freeze-dried cryogels.
  • Slowed, highly non-Fickian release, characterized by a long lag time, resulted from loading drugs before cryogel formation.
  • This non-Fickian behavior was attributed to the cryoconcentration phenomenon and accurately modeled by a two-step process.

Conclusions:

  • Dextran-based cryogels are effective matrices for controlled drug delivery.
  • The drug loading strategy significantly impacts the release kinetics.
  • The cryoconcentration phenomenon plays a key role in achieving sustained, non-Fickian drug release from these cryogels.