Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Review of Current and Potential Future Pharmacotherapies

The treatment of arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION), non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION), and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a topic of ongoing research with mixed evidence on some pharmacotherapies and a need for more consensus. This manuscript provides an overview of these conditions' current, potential future, and attempted pharmacotherapies. AAION's current treatment regimen consists of high-dose steroids, with methotrexate, tocilizumab, and abatacept, being the most viable steroid-sparing therapy candidates. As for NAAION, the treatments being tried are vast, with mixed evidence supporting each modality. Similarly, despite the various treatment options explored, there still needs to be a universally effective therapy for PION. More research is needed to formulate an agreed-upon treatment regimen for these conditions.