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Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

1.4K
In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
1.4K
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

1.6K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
1.6K
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

4.4K
Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
4.4K
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
2.4K
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

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A coaxial cable consists of a central copper conductor used for transmitting signals, followed by an insulator shield, a metallic braided mesh that prevents signal interference, and a plastic layer that encases the entire assembly.
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic...
1.4K
Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:28

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

4.8K
Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors
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Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors

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A Polyimide Composite-Based Electromagnetic Cantilever Structure for Smart Grid Current Sensing.

Zeynel Guler1,2, Nathan Jackson1,2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Micromachines
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel all-polymer composite device using polyimide (PI) for energy harvesting and sensing. The PI/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive cantilever showed promising results for detecting magnetic fields and current.

Keywords:
compositeelectromagnetic sensorenergy harvestermicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS)polyimidethin films

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Polyimides (PIs) are crucial in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) due to their thermal and mechanical properties.
  • Developing multifunctional composites for energy harvesting and sensing remains a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel multilayer, all-polymer composite electro-piezomagnetic device.
  • To explore its potential as an energy harvester or sensor for magnetic fields and current.
  • To investigate the performance of different magnetic nanoparticles (NdFeB, Terfenol-D) and configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a four-layer composite device with a polyimide matrix.
  • Incorporation of silver nanoparticles for conductivity, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) for piezoelectricity, and NdFeB or Terfenol-D for magnetostriction.
  • Development of a cantilever design for low-frequency operation.
  • Comparison of devices with different magnetic proof masses and exploration of an all-magnetostrictive device.

Main Results:

  • The polyimide/PZT cantilever with a polyimide/NdFeB proof mass exhibited higher voltage output than the polyimide/Terfenol-D version.
  • An all-magnetostrictive polyimide-Terfenol-D film device successfully operated via the Villari effect without a piezoelectric layer.
  • The composite devices demonstrated potential for sensing magnetic field and current changes.

Conclusions:

  • Novel all-polymer composite devices can be fabricated for energy harvesting and sensing applications.
  • The choice of magnetostrictive material and device configuration impacts performance.
  • These devices offer a promising route for developing MEMS-based magnetic field and current sensors.