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Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
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In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
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A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.
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A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
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Potentiometer01:30

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Voltage and current measurements using a standard voltmeter and ammeter alter the circuit being measured either by drawing or resisting the current flow, which introduces uncertainties in the measurements. Null measurements balance the voltages so that no current flows through the measuring device and, therefore, no alterations occur in the measured circuit.
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A Sub-1 ppm/°C Reference Voltage Source with a Wide Input Range.

Yuchi Xiao1, Chunlai Wang1,2, Hongyang Hou1

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Micromachines
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a stable bandgap reference (BGR) source for high-voltage integrated circuits. It achieves minimal temperature drift and stable operation across wide voltage and temperature ranges.

Keywords:
bandgap referencehigh-order curvature compensationtemperature coefficientwide input range

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Integrated Circuit Design

Background:

  • High-voltage integrated circuits (HVICs) are crucial in power systems, medical devices, and industrial automation.
  • Reference circuits in HVICs require insensitivity to temperature and stable operation across wide voltage supplies.
  • Existing bandgap reference (BGR) designs often struggle with temperature drift and supply voltage variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel bandgap reference (BGR) source designed for wide input voltage ranges.
  • To achieve high stability and minimal temperature drift in HVIC applications.
  • To enhance the robustness of reference circuits against environmental and supply fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a high-order curvature compensation technique to mitigate nonlinear voltage terms.
  • Integrated a pre-regulation circuit to stabilize the BGR core's supply voltage.
  • Designed the BGR for operation across a wide input voltage range (4-40 V).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a low temperature coefficient (TC) of 0.88 ppm/°C.
  • Demonstrated stable performance over an extended temperature range (-40 °C to 130 °C).
  • Ensured reliable operation despite significant variations in the input supply voltage.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed BGR design offers superior temperature stability and wide input voltage range capability.
  • This advanced BGR is suitable for demanding high-voltage integrated circuit applications.
  • The circuit effectively addresses key challenges in reference voltage generation for HVICs.