Computational Multiscale Study of the Interaction Between the PDMS Polymer and Sunscreen-Related Pollutant Molecules

Sunscreen molecules play a critical role in protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation, yet their efficient detection and separation pose challenges in environmental and analytical contexts. In this work, we employ a multilevel modeling approach to investigate the molecular interactions between representative sunscreen molecules and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer, a material widely recognized for its sorbent properties. Our goal is to explore how these interactions can be fine-tuned to facilitate the effective separation of sunscreen molecules in portable membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) systems, potentially leading to the development of new membrane materials. Using a combination of advanced computational techniques-force field molecular dynamics simulations, semiempirical GFN2-xTB, and density functional theory calculations-we assess the interaction strength and noncovalent interactions of sunscreen molecules, namely oxybenzone, naphthalene, benzo[a]anthracene, avobenzone, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, with PDMS. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the interaction dynamics is evaluated, with the aim of extending the sorbent capacities of PDMS beyond light polar molecules to larger, polar sunscreen compounds. This study provides critical insights into the molecular-level interactions that may guide the design of novel membrane materials for efficient molecular separation.