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Treatment Modalities for Refractory-Recurrent Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT): An Update.

Vasiliki Dania¹, Nikolaos A Stavropoulos¹, Panayiotis Gavriil¹

¹First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

|October 26, 2024

Summary

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a benign neoplasm with a high recurrence rate, especially diffuse-type TGCT. Surgical excision is standard, but refractory cases necessitate exploring alternative systemic therapies.

Keywords:

diffuse type giant cell tumor localized type tenosynovial giant cell tumor

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Orthopedics
Pathology

Background:

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare, locally aggressive benign neoplasm.
It arises from the synovium, tendon sheaths, and bursa, with localized (L-TGCT) and diffuse (D-TGCT) subtypes.
High recurrence rates, particularly for D-TGCT, challenge surgical excision as the sole treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current literature on treatment modalities for refractory and relapsed TGCT.
To highlight the need for alternative therapies beyond surgical excision.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current treatment options for refractory-relapsed TGCT.
Analysis of existing data on surgical and systemic therapies.

Main Results:

Surgical excision remains the gold standard for TGCT treatment.
Elevated recurrence rates and refractory disease, especially in D-TGCT, highlight the need for additional treatment alternatives.
Systemic therapies are increasingly used for relapsed TGCT cases.

Conclusions:

TGCT, though benign, can be destructive, aggressive, and impact quality of life.
Optimal surgical approaches depend on tumor location and extent.
Systemic therapies offer a promising avenue for managing relapsed and refractory TGCT.