A Review on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Techniques for Gas Sensing

The rapid growth of industry and the global drive for modernization have led to an increase in gas emissions, which present significant environmental and health risks. As a result, there is a growing need for precise and sensitive gas-monitoring technologies. This review delves into the progress made regarding photoacoustic gas sensors, with a specific focus on the vital components of acoustic cells and acoustic detectors. This review highlights photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) as an optical detection technique, lauding its high sensitivity, selectivity, and capability to detect a wide range of gaseous species. The principles of photoacoustic gas sensors are outlined, emphasizing the use of modulated light absorption to generate heat and subsequently detect gas pressure as acoustic pressure. Additionally, this review provides an overview of recent advancements in photoacoustic gas sensor components while also discussing the applications, challenges, and limitations of these sensors. It also includes a comparative analysis of photoacoustic gas sensors and other types of gas sensors, along with potential future research directions and opportunities. The main aim of this review is to advance the understanding and development of photoacoustic gas detection technology.