Simultaneous Recognition and Detection of Adenosine Phosphates by Machine Learning Analysis for Surface-Enhanced...

Adenosine phosphates (adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)) play important roles in energy storage and signal transduction in the human body. Thus, a measurement method that simultaneously recognizes and detects adenosine phosphates is necessary to gain insight into complex energy-relevant biological processes. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for this purpose. However, the similarities in size, charge, and structure of adenosine phosphates (APs) make their simultaneous recognition and detection difficult. Although approaches that combine SERS and machine learning have been studied, they require massive quantities of training data. In this study, limited AP spectral data were obtained using fabricated gold nanostructures for SERS measurements. The training data were created by feature selection and data augmentation after preprocessing the small amount of acquired spectral data. The performances of several machine learning models trained on these generated training data were compared. Multilayer perceptron model successfully detected the presence of AMP, ADP, and ATP with an accuracy of 0.914. Consequently, this study establishes a new measurement system that enables the highly accurate recognition and detection of adenosine phosphates from limited SERS spectral data.