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Pertussis Outbreak During 2023 in Gipuzkoa, North Spain.
José María Marimón1, Milagrosa Montes1, Nahikari Vizuete2
1Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Area, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
Vaccines
|October 26, 2024
Summary
Pertussis (whooping cough) incidence surged in Gipuzkoa in 2023, primarily affecting adolescents. Waning immunity and reduced circulation during COVID-19 likely caused this resurgence.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Pertussis (whooping cough) has seen a resurgence globally despite widespread vaccination.
- An increase in pertussis cases was observed in Gipuzkoa, Spain, during 2023, notably impacting adolescents aged 11-15.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence and characteristics of pertussis cases in Gipuzkoa between 2018 and 2023.
- To investigate the genomic profile of Bordetella pertussis isolates from the 2023 outbreak.
Main Methods:
- Confirmed pertussis cases diagnosed via PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs were included.
- Genome sequencing was performed on seven Bordetella pertussis isolates from 2023.
Main Results:
- A total of 884 pertussis cases were diagnosed from 2018-2023. Incidence rose to 56.8 cases per 100,000 in 2023, with the 11-15 age group showing the highest rate (409.3).
- Seven isolates from 2023 shared an identical allelic combination (BPagST-4: ptxA1/ptxP3/prn2/fim2-1/fim3-1) and expressed the pertactin antigen.
- Hospitalization was rare in young children (<6 years), and no deaths were reported.
Conclusions:
- Waning immunity following the final childhood vaccination dose is a probable factor.
- The reduced circulation of Bordetella pertussis during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the increased susceptibility and subsequent rise in cases.
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