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Related Concept Videos

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

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Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
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Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading01:15

Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading

252
Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
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Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
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Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

168
A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by...
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Dosimetric optimization for dynamic mixed beam arc therapy (DYMBARC).

Chengchen Zhu1, Gian Guyer1, Jenny Bertholet1

  • 1Division of Medical Radiation Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Medical Physics
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic mixed beam arc therapy (DYMBARC) combines non-coplanar photon and electron arcs to improve radiation treatment planning. This innovative technique successfully reduced organ-at-risk doses compared to VMAT, enhancing personalized cancer care.

Keywords:
dosimetrically optimized pathfindingmixed beam radiotherapynon‐coplanar radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Combining non-coplanar and mixed beam modalities can enhance radiation therapy plan quality.
  • Dynamic mixed beam arc therapy (DYMBARC) integrates non-coplanar photon/electron arcs, dynamic gantry/collimator rotations, and intensity modulation.
  • Optimizing beam directions for DYMBARC presents a complex, non-convex challenge due to extensive solution spaces and machine constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish DYMBARC as a viable radiotherapy technique.
  • To address the beam pathfinding challenge using direct aperture optimization (DAO).
  • To determine optimal table and gantry angles for photon and electron arcs in clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a grid of potential beam directions, excluding those causing collisions or table interference.
  • Employed a hybrid-DAO algorithm combining column generation and simulated annealing for aperture and weight optimization.
  • Compared DYMBARC plans against VMAT, colli-DTRT, and Arc-MBRT, with dosimetric validation using film measurements.

Main Results:

  • DYMBARC reduced mean organ-at-risk doses by 3.2 Gy (brain), 0.5 Gy (breast), and 2.9 Gy (pelvis) compared to VMAT, while maintaining target coverage.
  • Electron contributions to target dose varied from 2% to 34% for DYMBARC and 11% to 40% for Arc-MBRT.
  • Dosimetric validation demonstrated a gamma passing rate exceeding 99.7%.

Conclusions:

  • DYMBARC was successfully implemented via a dosimetrically optimized pathfinding approach.
  • The technique effectively combines non-coplanarity and mixed beam modalities for improved treatment planning.
  • DYMBARC enables personalized determination of photon and electron contributions for tailored cancer therapies.