Trace element concentrations in dolphins of south-east Australia; mercury a cause for concern in the region

Concentrations of nine trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn) in hepatic, renal and epidermal tissues were investigated in three dolphin species (Burrunan dolphin, Tursiops australis; common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus; short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis) within southeast Australia. Elevated hepatic Hg was found in critically endangered Burrunan dolphins (62.5-4990 mg/kg dw) and common bottlenose dolphins (102-1770 mg/kg dw), amongst the highest for the taxa globally, exceeding the short-beaked common dolphins (3.24-370 mg/kg dw), likely due to dietary differences. Hepatic Hg:Se molar ratios exceeded 1 in 60 % of dolphins, suggesting Hg toxicity. Essential trace elements showed little variation across species, but epidermal Se was notably low in Burrunan dolphins. Due to ongoing freshwater skin disease/health concerns, and the importance Se plays in epidermal health, it is recommended that epidermal Se and skin health are further investigated within the Burrunan dolphin.