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Diagnostic and mechanistic roles of MicroRNAs in neurodevelopmental & neurodegenerative disorders

Mohamed Adil Shah Khoodoruth1, Widaad Nuzhah Chut-Kai Khoodoruth2, Maira Uroos3

  • 1Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar.

Neurobiology of Disease
|October 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression involved in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Their dysregulation offers insights into disease pathways and potential for early diagnosis and personalized treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • miRNAs play critical roles in neurobiology and are implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is increasingly recognized as a factor in neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of miRNAs in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To highlight the role of miRNAs in precision neuropsychiatry and personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on miRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in neurodegenerative, trinucleotide repeat, neurodevelopmental, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.
  • Examination of miRNA functions in model organisms like Drosophila.

Main Results:

  • miRNA dysregulation is linked to the molecular pathways of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Fragile X syndrome, ASD, ADHD, Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.
  • miRNAs can target genes crucial to neurodegenerative disease pathology.
  • Distinct miRNA patterns are observed in schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and disease management in neuropsychiatric conditions.
  • miRNAs hold significant promise for advancing precision neuropsychiatry and personalized healthcare.
  • Further research into conserved miRNAs offers mechanistic insights and supports clinical integration.
Keywords:
DiagnosticsEpigeneticsGene expressionNeuropsychiatrymicroRNA

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