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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

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Published on: May 20, 2013

High dynamic range B 1 + mapping for the evaluation of parallel transmit arrays.

Jörg Felder^1,2, Markus Zimmermann¹, N Jon Shah^1,3,4,5

¹Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|October 27, 2024

Summary

This study presents a novel method for generating high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameter maps using gradient echo and actual flip-angle measurements. This technique is particularly beneficial for developing parallel-transmit arrays.

Keywords:

ESPIRiT high SNR ultrahigh‐field

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Quantitative Imaging
Medical Physics

Background:

Accurate acquisition of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameter maps is crucial for various clinical and research applications.
Existing methods for generating these maps can be limited by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range, especially during the development of advanced MRI hardware like parallel-transmit arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a high dynamic-range and high SNR method for acquiring absolute maps.
To develop a technique particularly useful during the construction and calibration of parallel-transmit arrays.

Main Methods:

Utilized low flip angle gradient echo images acquired with individual channel excitation to compute relative maps.
Employed the ESPIRiT (Ésperit) parallel image reconstruction method for enhanced SNR in map computation.
Generated absolute maps through calibration with a single actual flip-angle acquisition using simultaneous multi-channel transmission.

Main Results:

Achieved moderate to high gains in the SNR of the acquired maps.
The SNR improvement is dependent on the number of receiver channels and the spatial positioning of receive elements.

Conclusions:

The proposed method is highly suitable for acquiring maps during transceiver array construction.
Offers higher SNR maps without additional measurements compared to conventional methods.
Facilitates easy adoption and rapid estimation of receiver channels due to optimized open-source ESPIRiT implementations (e.g., BART toolbox).