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Updated: Jun 9, 2025
Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Vertebral Lymphatic Vasculature and Drainage using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: May 22, 2020
Comparative study of 3D-T2WI vs. 3D-T2-FLAIR MRI in displaying human meningeal lymphatics vessels
1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, 350004, Fuzhou, China.
Aim:
Various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences can be utilized to visualize human meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) for investigating the associations between MLVs and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This study aimed to compare the quality of contrast-enhanced 3D-T2WI and 3D-T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences to display human MLVs.
Materials And Methods:
Sixty-two patients (27 males, 35 females; mean age 55.8 ± 14.9 years) underwent 3D-T2WI and 3D-T2-FLAIR scan in combination with Gd-DTPA injection to show MLVs.
Results:
(1) The positivity rates of the 3D-T2WI sequence were 98.4%, 29.0%, and 46.8%, around the dural sinus, middle meningeal artery, and ethmoid sinus, respectively. The positivity rates of the 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence were 100%, 48.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. The positivity rate was significantly higher with the 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence compared with the 3D-T2WI sequence for the middle meningeal artery and ethmoid sinus regions (p < 0.05). (2) In patients with brain lesions and intracranial space-occupying lesions, the positivity rate was significantly higher with the 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence compared with the 3D-T2WI sequence for the middle meningeal artery and ethmoid sinus regions (p < 0.05). (3) The mean cross-sectional areas of MLVs around the dural sinus, middle meningeal artery, and ethmoid sinus were all higher using the 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence compared with the 3D-T2WI sequence at all three sites (p < 0.01). (4) The signal intensity was significantly higher using the 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence compared with the 3D-T2WI sequence around the dural sinus and ethmoid sinus (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence contrast-enhanced scan showed superior visualization of MLVs compared with the 3D-T2WI sequence.
