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Primus inter pares effect in high schools.

Denis Dizdarević1, Robert Leskovar1, Goran Vukovič1

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|October 28, 2024
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Summary

High school graduates in Slovenia exhibit illusory superiority, overestimating their abilities. This cognitive bias, particularly strong in interpersonal skills, poses potential risks.

Keywords:
Dunning-Kruger effectbetter-than-average effectillusory superiorityoverestimationprimus inter pares effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • The 'primus inter pares' or better-than-average effect, also known as illusory superiority, is a cognitive bias where individuals overestimate their positive attributes compared to others.
  • This overestimation can lead to significant personal, organizational, and societal risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of overestimation bias among Slovenian high school graduates.
  • To examine this bias across key skill areas: teamwork, interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted on high school graduates in Slovenia.
  • Participants' self-perceived abilities in specific skill domains were assessed to identify overestimation.

Main Results:

  • Overestimation bias was present across all investigated skill areas.
  • The highest level of overestimation was observed in interpersonal skills.
  • Indecisiveness was also noted as a potential concurrent finding.

Conclusions:

  • Slovenian high school graduates demonstrate a tendency towards illusory superiority, particularly in social competencies like interpersonal skills.
  • The findings suggest that areas receiving less direct academic feedback, such as interpersonal skills, may foster greater overestimation compared to areas like problem-solving or decision-making.