Hepatitis C-Induced Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy: An Uncommon Cause of Hematuria

Immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is characterized by IgA deposits in the kidney's mesangium and can lead to serious outcomes, including rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. While Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is commonly associated with liver involvement, it is also linked to various renal pathologies, including membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. However, IgA nephropathy secondary to HCV is rare. This case study involves a 24-year-old male with a known history of untreated Hepatitis C, who presented with hematuria and foamy urine. Laboratory findings revealed increased levels of serum creatinine and urea, significant proteinuria, and a high HCV RNA viral load. A renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy with strong IgA and C3 deposits observed on immunofluorescence. Treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers and antiviral therapy led to substantial symptomatic improvement and stabilization of renal function. This case underscores the critical importance of considering IgA nephropathy in the differential diagnosis of renal complications in HCV-infected patients. Early detection and treatment of Hepatitis C are vital, as timely intervention can markedly enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the risk of serious complications. A heightened awareness of the potential renal implications of HCV emphasizes the urgency of proactive monitoring and swift management to safeguard kidney function and overall health.