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    Spiking variability in cortical neurons arises from network synchrony, not intrinsic properties. Weakly synchronous network drive, quantified in vivo, generates irregular neural responses and shifts with sensory input.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computational Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Cortical neurons exhibit variable spiking patterns, a phenomenon with debated origins.
    • Prevalent theories often attribute spiking variability to intrinsic neuronal properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To challenge existing theories on the origin of spiking variability.
    • To investigate the hypothesis that cortical synchrony drives spiking variability in vivo.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized dynamic clamp to isolate the effects of intrinsic neuronal properties.
    • Employed large-scale electrophysiology to quantify network synchrony and its timescale in vivo.
    • Manipulated network drive to observe effects on neuronal response variability.

    Main Results:

    • Intrinsic neuronal properties contribute minimally to spiking variability.
    • Spiking variability predominantly emerges from weakly synchronous network drive.
    • Physiological levels of synchrony are sufficient to generate irregular neuronal responses observed in vivo.
    • Network synchrony shifts over 25–200 ms timescales, influenced by external sensory input and network state (spontaneous vs. driven).

    Conclusions:

    • Weakly synchronous network drive is the primary driver of spiking variability in cortical neurons in vivo.
    • Dynamic shifts in network synchrony explain the observed decline in response variability across cortical areas.
    • Individual neurons display reliable responses to physiological drive, with intrinsic properties modulating distinct response patterns that support network synchrony.