Association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms with hematologic malignancy susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Immunogenetics
• Oncology
• Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

• Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms have been investigated for their role in hematologic malignancy susceptibility.
• Previous studies reported conflicting results, necessitating a comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between various CTLA-4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to hematologic malignancies.
• To clarify the inconsistent findings from prior research.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across major databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase) up to September 20, 2024.
• Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of associations.
• Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12.0.

Main Results:

• The meta-analysis included 13 studies examining CTLA-4 polymorphisms: 49A/G, 60A/G, 318T/C, 1661A/G, and 319C/T.
• CTLA-4 49A/G polymorphism showed a significant association with increased hematologic malignancy risk (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.56-2.02), particularly in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia.
• CTLA-4 319C/T polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. No significant associations were found for CTLA-4 60A/G, 318T/C, and 1661A/G polymorphisms.

Conclusions:

• CTLA-4 49A/G and 319C/T polymorphisms are significantly associated with hematologic malignancy susceptibility.
• These findings contribute to understanding the genetic factors influencing blood cancer risk.