Unraveling the dynamics of Xanthomonas' flagella: insights into host-pathogen interactions

Understanding the intricate interplay between plants and bacteria is paramount for elucidating mechanisms of immunity and disease. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of flagella in bacterial motility and host recognition, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant immunity and bacterial pathogenicity. We delve into the sophisticated signaling network of plants, highlighting the pivotal role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in detecting conserved molecular patterns known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), with a particular focus on flagellin as a key MAMP. Additionally, we explore recent discoveries of solanaceous-specific receptors, such as FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 (FLS3), and their implications for plant defense responses. Furthermore, we examine the role of bacterial motility in host colonization and infection, emphasizing the multifaceted relationship between flagella-mediated chemotaxis and bacterial virulence. Through a comprehensive analysis of flagellin polymorphisms within the genus Xanthomonas, we elucidate their potential impact on host recognition and bacterial pathogenicity, offering insights into strategies for developing disease-resistant crops. This review is intended for professionals within the fields of crops sciences and microbiology.