Clinical characteristics of megaloblastic anemia with pancytopenia

In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia.

Data on patient characteristics, laboratory examinations, clinical manifestations, and associated diseases were collected from Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The participants were divided into two groups according to routine blood test results: megaloblastic anemia patients with pancytopenia (Group A) and megaloblastic anemia patients with simple anemia (Group B).

The number of patients with fever and bleeding in Group A was much higher than that in Group B. Inpatient days and hospitalization costs in Group A were higher than those in Group B. White blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and platelet count in Group A were lower than those in Group B. There were no significant differences in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), albumin (ALB), vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin between the two groups. The incidence of associated diseases, particularly pulmonary infections, was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. There was no significant difference in the degree of bone marrow hyperplasia between the two groups.

Patients with pancytopenia and megaloblastic anemia often developed infection and bleeding, which caused more severe anemia, higher hospitalization costs, and longer inpatient days. Early diagnosis and active treatment are required to reduce patient complications and costs.