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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

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Protocol for the SACLA trial: Efficacy and safety of subretinal monteplase for submacular hemorrhage in a phase II single-arm multicenter decentralized clinical trial.

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Age-related changes in the orbital pulley array of older Japanese adults with acquired exotropia.

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Effects of cataract surgery on eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy under a treat-and-extend regimen.

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Epiretinal membrane: an overview and update.

Ryo Matoba1, Yuki Morizane2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. ryo-matoba@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) and lamellar macular hole (LMH) are common macular diseases. This review updates knowledge on their diagnosis, pathology, and surgical treatments, highlighting ongoing research needs.

Keywords:
En face imagingEpiretinal membraneEpiretinal proliferationInternal limiting membraneLamellar macular hole

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Retinal Diseases

Background:

  • Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common aging-related macular disease causing visual disturbances like metamorphopsia.
  • The exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of ERM and metamorphopsia remain incompletely understood.
  • Lamellar macular hole (LMH) involves epiretinal proliferation, distinct from ERM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and lamellar macular hole (LMH).
  • To discuss current diagnostic techniques, particularly optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • To review treatment options and unresolved clinical questions regarding ERM and LMH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature utilizing advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for ERM, LMH, and related conditions.
  • Examination of surgical outcomes and ongoing debates in ERM management.

Main Results:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is crucial for diagnosing and characterizing ERM.
  • Surgical removal is the only treatment for ERM, but intervention criteria are not standardized.
  • The benefit and risk of simultaneous internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during ERM surgery are debated.
  • Diagnostic criteria for LMH have been proposed, with surgical options emerging but requiring further long-term outcome validation.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify ERM pathophysiology and establish surgical decision-making criteria.
  • Long-term outcomes of surgical interventions for LMH require more investigation.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge on ERM and LMH, identifying areas for future study.