Sodium Vanadates for Metal-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Rechargeable metal-ion batteries (MIBs) play a pivotal role in advancing the stable supply of renewable energy by efficiently storing and discharging electrical energy. In recent years, to propel the continuous advancement of MIB technology, numerous studies have concentrated on exploring and innovating electrode materials, aiming to engineer commercial batteries with high energy density, superior power density, and extended cycle life. Notably, sodium vanadates have garnered significant attention in the realm of MIBs owing to their distinctive crystal structures, abundant resource reservoirs, and exceptional electrochemical properties. This paper provides a prompt and comprehensive review of the research landscape for various sodium vanadates (such as Na_xV₂O₅, Na_{1+ x}V₃O₈, Na₂V₆O₁₆·xH₂O, etc.) in the domain of MIBs over the past five years. It delves into the structural characteristics, electrochemical performances, and energy storage mechanisms of these materials, while also proposing some effective strategies to augment their electrochemical capabilities. Building upon these insights and prevailing research outcomes, this review envisions the future developmental pathways of sodium vanadates for MIBs and aims to reveal the vast potential of sodium vanadates in the emerging energy storage field and provide researchers with clear insights and perspectives for developing optimal sodium vanadate electrodes.