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PTB airway compression complicated by vascular abnormalities and cardiac involvement: A case series demonstrating

P Goussard1, E Eber2, J Janson3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|October 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (LBTB) in children can cause airway compression. Advanced imaging is crucial for diagnosing rare cases involving simultaneous vascular abnormalities, requiring individualized treatment plans.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (LBTB) presents as tuberculous lymphadenopathy causing airway compression, particularly in young children.
  • Severe airway obstruction is more prevalent in younger children due to anatomical factors and immune status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the management and outcomes of young children with concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and vascular abnormalities causing airway obstruction.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and individualized treatment approaches for these rare presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Chest X-rays and bronchoscopy were utilized for airway compression assessment.
  • Advanced imaging, including F-18 FDG PET/CT and echocardiography, was employed for complex cases.
  • Case series approach detailing management and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Three young children with simultaneous PTB and vascular abnormalities causing airway obstruction were managed.
  • Concomitant PTB and vascular abnormalities are infrequent, even in high-incidence regions.
  • Affected children exhibited varied presentations necessitating tailored treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging is essential for identifying complicated PTB-induced airway compression, especially when vascular abnormalities are present.
  • F-18 FDG PET/CT can detect metabolically active intracardiac lesions.
  • Individualized management plans and echocardiography are critical for patients with disseminated disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchoscopychest CT scancomplicated pulmonary tuberculosisintrapulmonary sequestrationpatent ductus arteriosus

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