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Association Between Physical Activity and Performance in Skill Learning Among Older Adults Based on Cognitive

Satoshi Kasahara1, Ami Chiba2, Linjing Jiang1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
|October 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Older adults can acquire new skills, but their ability to retain them declines. Habitual physical activity aids skill acquisition, not retention, impacting independent living.

Keywords:
accelerometercognitive skill learninghabitual exerciseperceptual-motor learningprocedural memory

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • Older adults often face cognitive and physical challenges impacting independent living.
  • Skill learning is crucial for adapting to age-related changes.
  • Understanding the link between physical activity and cognitive skill learning in aging is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between habitual physical activity and cognitive skill learning in older adults.
  • To compare skill acquisition and retention between younger and older adults.
  • To determine the influence of physical activity on different stages of motor skill learning.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-eight participants were divided into control (<65 years) and older adult (>65 years) groups.
  • Participants engaged in two cognitive skill-learning tasks.
  • Habitual exercise was quantified using accelerometers and self-report questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed lower baseline skill performance, linked to exercise and motor function.
  • Both groups demonstrated skill acquisition, associated with age and self-reported activity.
  • Skill retention declined significantly in older adults and was not linked to habitual exercise.

Conclusions:

  • While skill acquisition remains possible in older age, skill retention capacity diminishes.
  • Habitual physical activity supports skill acquisition but not the retention of learned skills.
  • Findings suggest targeted interventions for motor skill learning and retention in older populations.