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Vaccine hesitancy: a structured review from a behavioral perspective (2015-2022).

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Understanding vaccine hesitancy requires examining behavioral science. This review synthesizes research on factors influencing vaccine acceptance and refusal, highlighting the complexity of vaccine advocacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global health challenge, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding the behavioral underpinnings of vaccine hesitancy is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To scrutinize peer-reviewed literature on vaccine hesitancy from 2015-2022.
  • To analyze behavioral perspectives using a Theories-Constructs-Variables-Contexts-Methods (TCVCM) framework.
  • To consolidate research and schematize factors influencing vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 138 studies published between 2015 and 2022.
  • Application of the TCVCM framework to analyze theoretical approaches, constructs, variables, contexts, and methods.
  • Synthesis of findings to provide an overview of research trends.

Main Results:

  • Identified key influencing factors: individual-level, contextual, vaccine-specific, organizational, and public-policy dynamics.
  • Highlighted prominent theoretical approaches and research variables in vaccine hesitancy studies.
  • Corroborated the multifaceted nature of vaccine hesitancy and challenges in vaccine advocacy.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is a complex phenomenon influenced by diverse factors.
  • Future research should prioritize contextual studies, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, to understand cross-cultural nuances.
  • Effective vaccine advocacy strategies must address the complexity of behavioral influences.