Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on the Use of Antidiabetic Medications for Weight Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Lebanese Population.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism·2026

Same author

The COPE Intervention for War-Affected Adolescents: A Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Skills-Building Program to Enhance Quality of Life and Mental Health.

Worldviews on evidence-based nursing·2026

Same author

Itch, Scratching, and Sleep Mediate the Association between Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Pruritic Dermatoses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dermatology and therapy·2026

Same author

Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass: Findings From the International 24-Hour Aortic Blood Pressure Consortium.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Same author

A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study on Suspected Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Multiple Heterogeneous Symptoms Identified.

Clinical and translational allergy·2026

Same author

Assessment of Compliance with National and International Guidelines in the Empirical Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Lebanese Hospitals: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Medical students attitudes towards patients with disability: a scale validation study.

Vanda G Yazbeck Karam¹, Sandrella Bou Malhab^2,3, Sola Bahous¹

¹School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.

BMC Medical Education

|October 29, 2024

Summary

This study validated the Medical Students' Attitudes Towards Patients with Disabilities (MSA-PWD) scale in Lebanon. The reliable and valid scale can differentiate between medical student enrollment years and assess attitudes towards patients with disabilities.

Keywords:

Attitudes Curriculum Disability Instrument Medical students

More Related Videos

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Disability Studies
Health Disparities

Background:

Negative attitudes and discrimination by healthcare professionals contribute to health disparities for persons with disabilities (PWD).
Limited training for medical students on interacting with PWD exacerbates these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate the "Medical Students' Attitudes Towards Patients with Disabilities" (MSA-PWD) scale among Lebanese medical students.
To identify factors associated with medical students' attitudes towards patients with disabilities.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional scale validation study was conducted with 1st to 4th-year medical students.
Qualitative content validity and statistical analyses (construct, convergent, known-group validity, trend analysis) were employed.
The study incorporated existing tool questions and new reflective prompts on PWD encounters.

Main Results:

The MSA-PWD scale demonstrated high construct validity and internal consistency.
Good convergent validity and known-group validity were observed.
Factor 1 of the scale differentiated between student enrollment years and correlated with confidence and clinical experience.

Conclusions:

The validated MSA-PWD scale is a comprehensive and reliable instrument for assessing medical students' attitudes towards patients with disabilities.
The scale effectively distinguishes between different medical school enrollment classes.
This tool can inform curriculum development to improve future healthcare for PWD.