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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Polyalkenamers as Drop-In Additives for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: A Promising Upcycling Paradigm.

Jeffrey C Foster1, Joshua T Damron1, Jackie Zheng1,2

  • 1Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 29, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces a novel method to upcycle waste polyalkenamers into advanced materials. By using them in ring-opening metathesis polymerization, we achieve controlled polymer synthesis and material enhancement.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Waste polyalkenamers, like polybutadiene, present recycling challenges.
  • Current upcycling methods often involve complex deconstruction or functionalization.
  • Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers a versatile platform for polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a distinct strategy for upcycling waste polyalkenamers.
  • To utilize polyalkenamers as drop-in additives in ROMP.
  • To create new materials with enhanced performance from recycled polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Employing polyalkenamers as chain-transfer agents in ROMP.
  • Investigating ROMP of cyclic olefin monomers with model polyalkenamers.
  • Translating the method to commercial polybutadiene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Main Results:

  • Achieved good molecular weight control during ROMP.
  • Enabled low ruthenium catalyst loadings.
  • Demonstrated efficient and quantitative incorporation of polyalkenamers into new polymers.
  • Inherited desirable thermomechanical properties from the upcycled polyalkenamers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy offers an efficient and operationally simple pathway for polyalkenamer upcycling.
  • This method provides a viable alternative to existing polymer recycling strategies.
  • The approach facilitates the creation of performance-advantaged materials from waste polymers.