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The links between parenting, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis
Hossein Dabiriyan Tehrani1, Sara Yamini1, Alexander T Vazsonyi1
1University of Kentucky.
Journal of Adolescence
|October 29, 2024
Summary
Parenting styles significantly impact children's self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Positive parenting fosters higher self-esteem, while negative styles are linked to depression, with self-esteem acting as a key mediator.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Background:
- Attachment and cognitive theories frame the study of parenting dimensions.
- Parenting dimensions include parental support, authoritative control, psychological control, and behavioral control.
- Self-esteem and depressive symptoms are key outcomes for children and adolescents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To meta-analytically examine direct and indirect links between parenting dimensions, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms.
- To test self-esteem as a mediator in the relationship between parenting and depressive symptoms.
- To investigate potential moderators of these associations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized One-Stage Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling (OSMASEM) on 53 studies (74 independent samples).
- Investigated direct effects of parenting dimensions on self-esteem and depressive symptoms.
- Examined indirect effects through self-esteem and tested for moderation.
Main Results:
- Parental support, authoritative, and behavioral control positively correlated with self-esteem; psychological control negatively correlated.
- Self-esteem negatively associated with depressive symptoms.
- Parenting dimensions showed direct and indirect associations with depressive symptoms, mediated by self-esteem. Moderators like age and sex were identified.
Conclusions:
- Parenting dimensions directly and indirectly influence depressive symptoms in youth.
- Self-esteem partially mediates the pathways from parenting dimensions to depressive symptoms.
- Age, sex, and measurement methods moderate these relationships, highlighting the complexity of parenting's impact.
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