Mathematical model for highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber sensor based on hyperbolic black holes

Area of Science:

• Optoelectronics
• Fiber Optics
• Sensor Technology

Background:

• Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer unique light-confining properties.
• Black hole physics provides inspiration for novel electromagnetic field manipulation.
• High-sensitivity refractive index sensors are crucial for chemical and biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and design a novel photonic crystal fiber sensor.
• To leverage hyperbolic black hole geometry for enhanced electromagnetic field concentration.
• To achieve high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range for refractive index sensing.

Main Methods:

• Designing a PCF structure with hyperbolic black hole geometry.
• Optimizing structural parameters using the Nelder-Mead algorithm.
• Developing a unique three-variable equation to predict sensor behavior and construction errors.

Main Results:

• The sensor concentrates the electromagnetic field in the fiber core due to its unique geometry.
• Achieved an amplitude sensitivity of 4650 RIU⁻¹ and wavelength sensitivity of 7000 nm/RIU.
• Demonstrated a wide refractive index sensing range (1.31-1.42) suitable for bio/chemical applications.

Conclusions:

• The proposed hyperbolic black hole-based PCF sensor exhibits extraordinary sensitivity.
• The developed analytical equation aids in design optimization and reduces simulation time.
• The sensor's high performance makes its construction highly recommended for practical applications.