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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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The duration and pattern of recurring heatwaves shape host-parasite interactions under thermal stress.

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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Cold snaps lead to a 5-fold increase or a 3-fold decrease in disease proliferation depending on the baseline

Niamh McCartan1, Jeremy Piggott2, Sadie DiCarlo2,3

  • 1Discipline of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. nmccarta@tcd.ie.

BMC Biology
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cold snaps significantly alter host-parasite dynamics in Daphnia magna, with impacts varying based on temperature and cold snap intensity. These findings highlight the complex ecological effects of extreme weather events on disease transmission.

Keywords:
Daphnia magnaOrdospora colligataClimate changeCold snapCold spellDiseaseHostParasitePathogenTemperature variation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Climate change intensifies extreme weather events, impacting ecological interactions.
  • Host-pathogen dynamics are sensitive to environmental shifts, yet cold snap effects remain understudied.
  • The Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata system serves as a model for environmentally transmitted diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of cold snap amplitude and duration on host-parasite interactions.
  • To understand how baseline temperatures modulate the impact of cold snaps on disease dynamics.
  • To explore the influence of extreme cold on parasite prevalence and burden.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulating cold snap amplitude and duration in Daphnia magna cultures.
  • Exposing the Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata host-parasite system to varied cold snap conditions.
  • Recording individual-level fitness and parasite burden (Ordospora colligata) post-exposure.

Main Results:

  • Cold snaps caused significant fluctuations in parasite burden, with increases up to fivefold and decreases threefold.
  • The effects of cold snaps were dependent on baseline temperature, amplitude, and duration.
  • Parasite infection prevalence and burden were altered in opposing directions within the same cold snap treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Cold snaps produce complex and unique outcomes on host-parasite systems, distinct from other temperature variations.
  • Predicting disease dynamics under climate change is challenging due to the intricate effects of extreme weather.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for ecological forecasting in a changing climate.