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Updated: Jun 9, 2025
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Published on: June 16, 2011
Quantitative Determination of Endoplasmic Reticulum Viscosity during Immunogenic Cell Death by a Theranostic Rhenium
Xiao-Xiao Chen1, Xing-Yi Rao1, Qi-Xin Guan1
1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
Abstract:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important targeting organelle for metal-based immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers. Metal complexes can induce ER stress by causing protein misfolding, which can be reflected by alternations in microenvironmental parameters, including viscosity. We present here a theranostic Re(I) complex (Re1) that shows viscosity-dependent emission intensity and lifetime. Re1 can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in MDA-MB-231 cells by localizing in the ER and causing ER stress. We demonstrate that Re1 can simultaneously induce and monitor the gradual increase in the ER viscosity quantitatively.
