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Emerging operando imaging techniques reveal catalyst heterogeneity, enabling a deeper understanding of structure-function relationships for improved photo(electro)catalyst design in energy conversion.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Understanding semiconductor photo(electro)catalysts is key for energy conversion.
  • Catalyst heterogeneity hinders structure-function relationship studies using bulk methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review operando imaging techniques for local functional information.
  • To correlate local function with catalyst structure for improved design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging operando imaging techniques.
  • Analysis of single-particle/subparticle functional data (surface photovoltage, photoluminescence, etc.).
  • Correlation of local functional information with structural characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Operando imaging provides local functional insights into catalysts.
  • Heterogeneity is a key factor in catalyst performance.
  • Correlations reveal structure-function relationships at the nanoscale.

Conclusions:

  • Operando imaging overcomes bulk characterization limitations.
  • Quantitative understanding of structure-function relationships is achievable.
  • This knowledge guides the design of advanced photo(electro)catalysts for energy applications.