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Role of Biomarkers Diagnostic Tools in Patients with COVID-19: Stratification Made Easy
Ahmed Abdallah Salman1, Heba Mohamed Abdallah2, Sami Eldahdouh3
1Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Insights
Serum biomarkers like fibrinogen and interleukin-6 (IL6) can help identify severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. These markers aid in predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Medical Biomarkers
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with varied severity.
- Identifying severe cases early is crucial for appropriate patient management.
- Serum biomarkers are potential indicators of disease severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of various serum biomarkers in classifying COVID-19 patients.
- To determine if these biomarkers can differentiate severe COVID-19 cases upon hospital admission.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples from COVID-19 patients were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, Fibrinogen, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), leukocytes CRP ratio (LeCR), lymphocyte-CRP ratio (LCR), interleukin-6 (IL6), and others.
- Follow-up measurements for IL6, Ferritin, D-dimer, and tPAI-1 were taken on days 3 and 7.
- Statistical analysis was performed to compare biomarker levels between patient groups.
Main Results:
- Hypertension, COPD, and Ischemia were identified as major risk factors for severe COVID-19.
- Significant differences were observed in Fibrinogen, IL6, LeCR, and LCR levels between patient groups.
- These specific biomarkers showed a statistically significant association with disease severity.
Conclusions:
- Laboratory test findings at intensive care unit (ICU) admission are valuable for distinguishing severe COVID-19 cases.
- Biomarker analysis can aid clinicians in predicting disease progression and tailoring treatment.
- Early identification of severe COVID-19 through biomarkers improves patient care.
Background And Aims:
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, several serum biomarkers have been identified. Upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission, these laboratory markers become more crucial to distinguish between patients with severe cases of COVID-19. It might assist doctors in predicting the course of illnesses and treating patients appropriately. This work was to investigate the role of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 classification admitted to the hospital and identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Methods:
Peripheral blood sample was taken from COVID-19 cases isolated on admission to determine C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, Fibrinogen, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), leukocytes CRP ratio (LeCR), lymphocyte-CRP ratio (LCR), interleukin-6 (IL6), leukocytes interleukin 6 ratio (LeIL6), systemic inflammatory index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor one (tPAI-1). Follow-up for IL6, Ferritin, D-dimer, and tPAI-1 were determined on the 3rd and 7th days.
Results:
Comparisons of severity revealed that hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and Ischemia were major risk factors in COVID-19 patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the test groups for fibrinogen (p < 0.000), IL6 (p < 0.009), LeCR (p < 0.006), and LCR (p < 0.011).
Conclusion:
Based on laboratory test findings at the time of ICU admission, we can distinguish severe cases of COVID-19.
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