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Traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor profiles in young patients with coronary artery disease
Anish Adhikari1, Sasha DeJesus1, Nyein Swe1
1Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Cardiovascular Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, USA.
Insights
Young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing these risks in this growing population.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalizations are increasing in young individuals.
- Young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) often present with a high burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in young patients with CAD.
- To investigate novel lipid and dietary biomarkers and potential gender differences in this population.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, single-center pilot cohort study (Young Heart study).
- Collected data on medical history, medications, lifestyle, and blood biomarkers including lipoprotein (a), hsCRP, and TMAO.
- Included 60 patients aged under 60 years with confirmed CAD.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of hypertension (76.7%), hyperlipidemia (91.7%), and obstructive CAD (88.3%).
- Significant rates of diabetes (36.7%), prediabetes (28.3%), uncontrolled LDL (47.5%), elevated Lp(a) (47.5%), and hsCRP (41.7%).
- Suboptimal TMAO levels were observed in 28.3% of patients.
Conclusions:
- Young patients with CAD exhibit a substantial burden of cardiovascular risk factors.
- Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve risk factor control and lifestyle behaviors.
- Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of interventions on cardiovascular outcomes.
Study Objective:
There is an increasing trend in myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalizations in young individuals. The prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is high in this population. This study aims to assess the prevalence of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors among young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) including novel lipid and dietary biomarkers with a focus on potential gender differences.
Design:
The Young Heart study is a prospective, single-center pilot cohort study. Baseline data included medical history, medications, and lifestyle factors. We also collected blood samples for lipid profile, lipoprotein (a), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).
Participants:
A total of 60 patients aged <60 years with CAD (on coronary CT or invasive angiogram) were included in the study.
Results:
The median age was 51 years and predominantly male (70 %). Baseline assessment revealed a high prevalence of hypertension (76.7 %), hyperlipidemia (91.7 %), and obstructive CAD (88.3 %). 36.7 % had diabetes, 28.3 % had prediabetes, and 38.3 % had prior MI. Uncontrolled risk factors were prevalent, including increased waist circumference (54.6 %), metabolic syndrome (60.0 %), and LDL ≥70 mg/dL (47.5 %), Lp(a) ≥75 nmol/L (47.5 %). Furthermore, 41.7 % had hsCRP ≥2 mg/L, and 28.3 % had suboptimal TMAO levels. 70.0 % of patients were on guideline-directed doses of statins.
Conclusion:
Young patients with CAD demonstrated a substantial burden of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The study findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve risk factor control and optimize lifestyle behaviors. Further investigation is warranted to assess the impact of these interventions on cardiovascular outcomes.
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