Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

9.8K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
9.8K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

303
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
303
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.1K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.1K
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

791
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
791
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.1K
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

8.2K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A data-driven measure of REM sleep propensity for human and rodent sleep.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

A Data-Driven Measure of REM Sleep Propensity for Human and Rodent Sleep.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Dynamic cholinergic signaling differentially desynchronizes cortical microcircuits dependent on modulation rate and network connectivity.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Impacts of heminode disruption on auditory processing of noisy sound stimuli.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

H- and m-channel overexpression promotes seizure-like events by impairing the ability of inhibitory neurons to process correlated inputs.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Accuracy Versus Predominance: Reassessing the Validity of the Quasi-Steady-State Approximation.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.0K

Effects of Neuromodulation on Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Network Dynamics Depend on Network Connectivity Structure.

Scott Rich1, Michal Zochowski2, Victoria Booth3

  • 1Applied and Interdisciplinary Mathematics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Journal of Nonlinear Science
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Acetylcholine (ACh) influences brain network synchrony by altering neuron excitability. Network connectivity determines if ACh-induced changes lead to synchronous bursting, especially in networks with dominant intra-connections.

Keywords:
92C20AcetylcholineE–I networksNeural networksPING rhythmsSynchrony

More Related Videos

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

9.8K
Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.0K
Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

9.8K
Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Acetylcholine (ACh) is a key neuromodulator affecting intrinsic neuron properties.
  • Blockade of M-type potassium current by ACh alters neuronal excitability.
  • Excitatory and inhibitory (E-I) networks are fundamental to brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how network connectivity influences ACh's effect on synchronous bursting in E-I networks.
  • To analyze the impact of varying synaptic connection strengths (E-E, E-I, I-E, I-I) on network dynamics.
  • To explore how cellular properties (Type I vs. Type II) interact with network structure under ACh modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biophysical models of E-I neural networks.
  • Systematically varied synaptic connectivity strengths between and within neuronal populations.
  • Simulated network activity under different combinations of excitatory and inhibitory cell properties.

Main Results:

  • Network connectivity dictates whether ACh influences synchronous excitatory bursting.
  • Strong inter-connectivity promotes synchronous bursting irrespective of intrinsic cellular properties.
  • Dominant intra-connectivity allows cellular synchrony propensity to determine network bursting.

Conclusions:

  • ACh's impact on neural synchrony is contingent on the E-I network's structural organization.
  • Network architecture, specifically the balance of intra- vs. inter-connectivity, is crucial for understanding neuromodulatory effects.
  • These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying network dynamics and information processing in the brain.