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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates.

Akhil Maheshwari^1,2, Harshvardhan Mantry³, Nitasha Bagga^2,4

¹Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.

Newborn (Clarksville, Md.)

|October 30, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Milk fat globules (MFGs) are complex structures in human milk, delivering essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Their unique composition supports infant development, immunity, and gut health, with potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:

1,4-β-N-acetylmuraminidase ADPF Absorbable sphingosine Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 Acyl-CoA synthetase Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 Adipophilin Adipose differentiation-related proteins Alpha-1-antitrypsin Annexin Apocrine-like glands Apolipoprotein A-IV Apolipoprotein A1 Apolipoprotein C-III Apolipoprotein E Apolipoproteins Arachidonic acid Arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)Bacteroidetes Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development II Bifidobacterium Bile salt-stimulated lipase Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 C16-ceramide C18:0 C24-ceramide CD9 antigen Casein micelles Cathelicidins Ceramidase Ceramide Ceramide-1-phosphate Cerebrosides Chlorella vulgaris Cholesterol Choline Chordin-like protein 2 Clusterin Complement C3 Conjugated linoleic acid Coriobacteriaceae De Brouckère mean diameter Dermcidin Desulfovibrionaceae Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 Disialylated gangliosides Docosahexaenoic acid Elongase Endoplasmic reticulum Enterobacteriaceae Enterococcaceae Erysipelotrichaceae Exosomes FA-binding protein Factor V/VIII domain containing Fagan test of infant intelligence Fatty acid desaturase Fatty acid synthase Fatty acid-binding protein Firmicutes Folate receptor alpha Food matrix Free-play sustained attention test of Colombo GD3 GM3 Heat shock protein beta-1 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 Gangliosides Gelsolin Glutathione peroxidase 3 Glycam1 Glycan adhesion factors Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 Glycobiome Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta Glycogen synthase kinase-3 β Glycoproteins Glycosphingolipids Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 Glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 Hormone-sensitive lipase Human leukocyte antigen II IgA α-chain Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 Isobutyric acid Isovaleric acid Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Lactadherin Lactating mammary gland packages Lactobacillus Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lactoferrin Lactophorin Lactosome Lanosterol synthase Large-size MFG Linoleic Lipid rafts Lipid-ordered microdomains Lipoprotein lipase Long-chain FA-CoA ligase Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase Lysozyme Lysozyme C MARCKS-related proteinapolipoprotein D MFG epidermal growth factor 8 MFGE8 Microfiltration Mastitis Matrilin-3 Milk fat globule EGF Milk fat globules Monocyte differentiation CD14 Mucin 4 Mucins Mycoplasma agalactiae NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like Nannochloropsis gaditana Neutral glycosphingolipids Nonspecific lipid transfer protein Number-weighted mean O-lined glycan PL/TAG Pasteurization Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain 6/7 Perilipin Perilipin 2 Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidylserine Phospholipids Plasmalogens Polar lipids Porphyromonadaceae Proactivator polypeptide Proteobacteria Proteose peptone component 3 Rikenellaceae Salmonella enteritides Sauter mean diameter Small MFGs Soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor Sphingoids Sphingolipid Sphingolipids Sphingomyelin Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase Sphingophospholipids Sphingosine Sphingosine-1-phosphate Spirulina platensis Staphylococcus aureus Tail-interacting protein-47 Tenascin Toll-like receptor 2 Triacylglycerol Triacylglycerol core Triassic period Ubiquitin V/VIII like domains Visual evoked potential latencies Xanthine oxidoreductase α-amylase α-linolenic acid αvβ3 integrin receptors αvβ5 integrin receptors β-casein ζ-potential ω-3 PUFA ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-6 PUFA

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Area of Science:

Nutritional Science
Biochemistry
Immunology

Background:

Human milk fat globules (MFGs) are central to nutrient delivery, comprising a triacylglycerol core and a bioactive membrane.
These globules possess unique structures facilitating rapid energy release and prolonged gut presence, influencing infant gut microbiota and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the composition, structure, and biological functions of MFGs.
To explore the potential of MFGs as nutraceuticals for infant health and disease management.

Main Methods:

Extensive literature review utilizing PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct.
Assimilation of research findings, including data from the authors' laboratory.

Main Results:

MFGs contain triacylglycerols, polar lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, and cholesterol, each with distinct roles.
Their structure supports efficient nutrient absorption and delivery of bioactive molecules to the colon.
Differences exist between human and ruminant MFGs in size, profile, and composition.

Conclusions:

MFGs play a critical role in infant nutrition, immunity, and development.
MFGs hold promise for targeted nutritional enhancement and therapeutic interventions in infants.
Further research into MFG modification could address specific infant deficiencies and health conditions.