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Versatile Hydrogel Based on a Controlled Microphase-Separation Strategy for Both Liquid- and Solid-Phase 3D Printing.

Qirui Wu1,2, Yidan Xu3, Songjiu Han1,2

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Summary

This study introduces a versatile two-phase 3D-printed hydrogel (TP-3DPgel) with tunable viscosity for advanced flexible devices. This novel hydrogel enables high-quality fabrication using both digital light processing and direct ink writing 3D printing methods.

Keywords:
3D printingflexible deviceshydrogelslow-hysteresismicrophase-separation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Hydrogels are crucial for flexible devices due to their inherent flexibility.
  • Current hydrogels are often limited to single 3D printing strategies, hindering integrated device fabrication.
  • Achieving tunable rheological properties is key for versatile hydrogel processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel two-phase 3D-printed hydrogel (TP-3DPgel) with a broad viscosity tuning range.
  • To enable fabrication of flexible devices using multiple 3D printing techniques.
  • To demonstrate the potential of TP-3DPgel in creating functional electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled microphase-separation strategy was employed to create the TP-3DPgel.
  • Reversible viscosity changes were achieved through pH adjustment.
  • The hydrogel's suitability for both digital light processing (DLP) and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing was evaluated.
  • Mechanical properties including stretchability, strength, and fatigue resistance were characterized.

Main Results:

  • TP-3DPgel exhibited an exceptionally broad viscosity range, transitioning from liquid to solid states.
  • The hydrogel demonstrated compatibility with both DLP and DIW 3D printing, enabling high-resolution fabrication.
  • Excellent mechanical properties were observed: >1100% stretchability, 0.82 MPa strength, and low hysteresis (∼5.4%).
  • Functional flexible devices, including energy storage devices, sensors, and electronic skins, were successfully fabricated.

Conclusions:

  • TP-3DPgel offers a versatile and reliable material for 3D printing functional flexible devices.
  • The tunable rheology and excellent mechanical properties overcome limitations of existing hydrogels.
  • This work presents a promising strategy for fabricating complex, integrated flexible electronics.