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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

33.1K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
33.1K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.0K
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

31.4K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
31.4K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

33.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
33.2K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

41.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
41.2K
Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

60.2K
Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
60.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Dissolution of zirconium-cerium oxide solid solution in an aqueous system.

Taishi Kobayashi1, Yutaro Sato1, Ryutaro Tonna1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan. kobayashi@nucleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Redox reactions in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems are complex. This study reveals how reductants affect cerium-zirconium oxide dissolution, forming a protective layer that slows the process.

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Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components &#8211; Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)
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Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)

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Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
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Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

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Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
09:35

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems involve simultaneous dissolution/precipitation and redox reactions.
  • Understanding SSAS systems requires mechanistic insights into solid-solution dissolution, particularly for redox-active components.
  • Zirconium-cerium oxide solid solutions ((Zr,Ce)O2/(Ce,Zr)O2) are crucial in the nuclear industry due to the redox activity of cerium (Ce(III/IV)).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dissolution behavior of zirconium-cerium oxide solid solutions.
  • To elucidate the role of redox reactions, specifically Ce(IV) reduction to Ce(III), in the dissolution process.
  • To characterize the solid phases and understand the formation of protective layers during dissolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive characterization of solid phases using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with Rietveld analysis.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with factor analysis to determine oxidation states and speciation.
  • Experimental investigation of dissolution behavior in aqueous solutions with and without reductants.

Main Results:

  • The solid solution was primarily composed of tetragonal-(Zr,Ce)O2 and cubic-(Ce,Zr)O2.
  • Water immersion initiated dissolution at the solid-liquid interface.
  • Addition of a reductant reduced surface Ce(IV) to Ce(III), promoting Ce dissolution.
  • Ce release enriched the remaining solid phase with Zr, increasing its insolubility.
  • A protective layer formed on the solid surface, hindering further dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • The dissolution of zirconium-cerium oxide solid solutions is significantly influenced by redox reactions involving cerium.
  • Surface reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) enhances cerium release but simultaneously forms a Zr-enriched, insoluble layer.
  • This protective layer acts as a barrier, ultimately retarding the overall dissolution rate of the solid solution.