Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

6.1K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
6.1K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

11.8K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
11.8K
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

3.9K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
3.9K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

6.2K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.2K
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

1.2K
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
1.2K
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

4.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cancer Variant Interpretation Group UK (CanVIG-UK): updates on an exemplar national subspecialty multidisciplinary network.

Journal of medical genetics·2026
Same author

Experiences of implementation of personalised risk estimates for breast cancer in clinical practice: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.

Journal of community genetics·2026
Same author

Differences in overall survival for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer by race and ethnicity: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium.

British journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Saturation Genome Editing reveals the functional impact of RAD51D <i>and</i> XRCC2 variants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Interpretation of Survival Outcomes in Multicancer Early Detection Testing Requires Caution.

JCO precision oncology·2026
Same author

Integrating enriched case data from national laboratory testing with population-based case-control analyses: a novel statistical likelihood-ratio methodology for PS4 applied to 325,345 breast cancer cases and 671,006 controls.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
08:15

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

Published on: October 6, 2014

12.2K

Second Primary Cancer Risks After Breast Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers.

Isaac Allen1,2, Hend Hassan1,2, Yvonne Walburga1,2

  • 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Women with BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) who survive breast cancer (BC) face elevated risks for second primary cancers (SPCs). Enhanced surveillance and risk-reduction strategies are recommended for these high-risk individuals.

More Related Videos

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose
13:04

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

Published on: October 14, 2015

13.0K
Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
08:15

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

Published on: October 6, 2014

12.2K
In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose
13:04

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

Published on: October 14, 2015

13.0K
Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Oncology
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Clinical Genetics

Background:

  • Breast cancer (BC) survivors with BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) have uncertain risks for second primary cancers (SPCs).
  • Accurate risk assessment is crucial for guiding clinical management and surveillance strategies in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the relative and absolute risks of SPCs in BRCA1/BRCA2 PV carriers after a primary BC diagnosis.
  • To compare SPC risks between BRCA1/BRCA2 PV carriers and non-carriers using population-scale health data.

Main Methods:

  • Linked genetic testing data with national cancer registration and electronic health records for 25,811 female and 480 male BC patients tested for BRCA1/BRCA2 PVs (1995-2019).
  • Calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) against general population rates.
  • Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) comparing carriers to non-carriers and assessed 10-year cumulative risks.

Main Results:

  • BRCA1 carriers showed significantly elevated risks for contralateral breast cancer (CBC), ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial SPCs.
  • BRCA2 carriers had increased risks for CBC, ovarian, and pancreatic SPCs.
  • Male BRCA2 carriers exhibited higher risks for CBC and prostate SPCs compared to non-carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Breast cancer survivors carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 PVs are at a substantially increased risk for developing second primary cancers.
  • These findings support the implementation of enhanced surveillance protocols and targeted risk-reduction interventions for BRCA1/BRCA2 PV carriers.