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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder and Knee Arthroscopy.

Daniel J Song1, Emily R McDermott2, Brian F Grogan3

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Tranexamic acid (TXA) may offer early benefits in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgeries by improving visualization and reducing pain and swelling. However, further research is needed due to potential chondrotoxicity concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Arthroscopic Procedures
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The application of tranexamic acid (TXA) in orthopaedic surgery is growing.
  • TXA is recognized for reducing blood loss in various orthopaedic procedures.
  • Its use in arthroscopic surgery is being explored for improved outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential benefits of TXA in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgeries.
  • To assess TXA's impact on intraoperative visualization, postoperative swelling, and pain.
  • To review existing literature on TXA efficacy and safety in arthroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on tranexamic acid use in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgery.
  • Analysis of studies reporting on intraoperative visualization, fluid usage, postoperative pain, swelling, and hemarthrosis.
  • Examination of reported complication rates and potential chondrotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • TXA may enhance intraoperative clarity and reduce fluid requirements during arthroscopy.
  • Some studies indicate TXA can decrease early postoperative pain, swelling, and hemarthrosis in shoulder and knee arthroscopy.
  • Evidence on long-term outcomes remains mixed, with some studies showing no significant difference compared to placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Tranexamic acid shows potential for early benefits in arthroscopic shoulder and knee procedures.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential chondrotoxicity at high concentrations, necessitating further investigation.
  • While generally safe, the overall efficacy and long-term impact require additional research.