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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Effect of Periodontal Instrumentation on Tooth Structure Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: In Vitro Study.

Guilherme Gonçalves da Cruz1, Roberta de Oliveira Alves1, Caroline Garcia Orsi1

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Ionizing radiation increases root surface roughness after scaling. However, a subsequent prophylaxis procedure significantly smoothed these surfaces, regardless of the scaling method used.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Periodontology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Root surface morphology and roughness are critical factors in periodontal health.
  • Ionizing radiation may alter dentin properties, potentially affecting root surface characteristics after instrumentation.
  • Understanding the impact of scaling protocols on irradiated root surfaces is essential for effective periodontal therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of different non-surgical periodontal scaling protocols on the morphology and roughness of root dentin.
  • To compare these effects on both non-irradiated and irradiated bovine incisor root surfaces.
  • To assess the impact of a subsequent prophylaxis procedure on root surface characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine incisors were divided into non-irradiated (NIR) and irradiated (IR) groups.
  • Subgroups underwent no instrumentation (NIT), hand scaling (HS), or ultrasonic scaling (US).
  • A prophylaxis protocol was applied, and root surface roughness (Ra/Rz) and morphology (SEM) were analyzed before and after.

Main Results:

  • Both hand scaling (HS) and ultrasonic scaling (US) resulted in rougher root surfaces compared to no instrumentation (NIT), irrespective of irradiation.
  • Irradiated (IR) root surfaces exhibited greater roughness with HS and US compared to non-irradiated (NIR) surfaces.
  • The prophylaxis procedure significantly reduced root surface roughness for both HS and US groups, making them comparable to the NIT group for the IR samples.

Conclusions:

  • Ionizing radiation exposure leads to rougher root surfaces following hand and ultrasonic scaling.
  • A prophylaxis procedure effectively mitigates the increased roughness caused by scaling on irradiated root surfaces.
  • The findings suggest that prophylaxis is crucial for smoothing root surfaces after instrumentation in potentially irradiated patients.