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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

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Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
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Atorvastatin Accelerates Alveolar Bone Loss in Type 1 Diabetic Rats Submitted to Periodontitis.

Gisele Barreto Angelino1, Karysia Veras2, Delane Gondim Viana3

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Atorvastatin (ATV) did not protect against periodontal bone loss in diabetic rats and worsened bone loss. ATV also increased blood glucose levels, suggesting caution with its use in uncontrolled diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus potentiates periodontal bone loss.
  • Atorvastatin (ATV) has anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects but may increase diabetes risk.
  • The interplay between ATV, diabetes, and periodontal disease requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of Atorvastatin (ATV) on alveolar bone in rats with experimental periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Main Methods:

  • 72 Wistar rats were divided into Naïve, Experimental Periodontitis (EP), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and ATV DM groups.
  • DM was induced with streptozotocin; periodontitis was induced by ligature.
  • ATV was administered orally to the ATV DM group daily.
  • Maxillae were analyzed macroscopically, micro-tomographically, and microscopically.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes caused significant alveolar bone loss (60%), reduced bone volume and trabecular thickness, decreased osteoblasts, and increased osteoclasts and inflammation.
  • ATV exacerbated bone loss by 21% in diabetic rats and significantly increased blood glucose levels.
  • ATV did not prevent bone loss or modulate inflammation in diabetic rats with periodontitis.

Conclusions:

  • Atorvastatin is ineffective in protecting alveolar bone in diabetic rats with periodontitis.
  • Systemic use of Atorvastatin in uncontrolled diabetic conditions warrants careful evaluation due to adverse effects on bone and glycemic control.